Blood analyzes the "broken blood" Hemolysis

The decomposition of the blood Hemolysis:

The breaking of red blood cells by the decomposition of the blood occur within vivo Invivo and Invitro as well as in vitro and this process can be carried out under conditions of several cases, including:

1. osmosis Osmotically:

Because the membrane hateful red allows the entry into force of the water, the cell size varies depending on the change in the middle osmotic If you put the pellets in a low solution tension Hypotonic the water will be implemented into the cell and bloom the cell and changing recipes membrane arise by minute channels allow the passage of hemoglobin and other cell contents are scattered in the ocean of liquid cells.

2 - analyzes the blood gets sick in the following cases:

A - anemia or acute blood Hemolytic Anemia poverty as well as in the case of jaundice in newborns Jaundice

B - the sudden increase hemoglobin in the urine Paroxysmal Hemoglobinuria

3 - decomposition of blood resulting from eating certain drugs:

Some drugs cause lysis of red blood cells such as quinine Quinine and Alvenaseaton Phenacetin Nitrites and nitrates and chlorates Chlorates.

4 - fatty solvents:

Such as alcohol, ether, chloroform and some materials such as soap and yellow material and salts saponins Saponin This material melts the fat in the hated red or change the order of fat particles trends in the membrane cell membrane.

5 - mechanical methods:

Mechanical methods play an important role negative impact on the different samples a private blood samples and these methods milling Grinding, stirring Stirring or severe shaking Shaking as well Repeated freezing and Aeltsiih Thawing.

That there are some other factors that lead to blood decomposition in the pipe, such as the change in temperature, pH and exposure to ultraviolet light, and the concentration of serum components concentration of hemoglobin in sickle cell sample is affected by more than 20 mg / 100 ml, as there are two degrees of decomposition of the blood sample mild first Slightly Hemolysis and this effect a few most of the chemical analyzes, and the second type is a severe decomposition of the blood Server Hemolysis, which affects the ease components that are no little concentration inside the red blood cells more than its effect on the components in the plasma (where severe decomposition leads to an increase items in the inside cells relative to the outside of cells and increase its focus such as sodium and potassium, an enzyme LDH ... etc.) on the whole, the clear effect can be seen on the ingredients found in the plasma of this, the concentration in plasma increases in decomposing the sample in the following tests enzyme Aloldollaz Aldolase enzyme alkaline phosphatase enzyme LDH enzyme Aizostreet disputed hydrogen, potassium, Almjneziom, phosphate and grow as well as phosphate inorganic in serum as rapidly as organic Aster located inside cells that are decomposed, as well as increasing dynamism enzymatically amino transferase (GOT, GPT) by 2% for every 10 mg / 100 ml resulting from the increase in hemoglobin concentration as well as the LDH enzyme increases by about 10% for every 10 mg / 100 ml of hemoglobin, and we can see a sample of blood decaying looking at it with the naked eye.

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Gram Stain

Is the Gram stain of the most important types of pigments used in hospitals to identify the bacteria. And thanks to the doctor discovered with the original Danish Hans Christian Gram, who was working in the laboratory of anatomy's Hospital Berlin in 1880 for the birth of the year. Where he developed a way to help him distinguish the types of bacteria that cause pneumonia (Pneumonia), where she was one of the types of bacteria pigmentation red-colored and named it (gram negative bacteria) and the other is blue (gram-positive bacteria). And the color depends bacteria in the Gram stain on the chemical composition of the cell wall.

• When you add the dye reactions:

When you add Crystal violet to the slide show this dye into the cell wall, and when you add iodine solution Iodine Solution reacts with Crystal violet to be a compound called Crystal violet - Iodine complex When adding alcohol Alcohol enters the cell wall. If the first compound capable of soluble in alcohol it will dissolve and go outside the cell wall and thus voiding the cell wall of a dye once you add your Safranin in red, they will enter into the cell wall and colored so that the bacteria is negative gram If the compound I is insoluble in alcohol is the Crystal violet will prove in the cell wall when adding Safranin you will not find a place inside the cell to prove it and so Taku positive bacteria gram.

• The difference between bacteria Gram Positive and negative:

Is the wall of the chemical cell where Gram Positive contain security acids less than negative Gram installation and Maud contain fatty in negative bacteria gram higher than positive for gram, and the cell wall in bacteria Gram Positive less complicated than negative bacteria as the cell wall in bacteria gram positive consists of two layers, namely layer Almukubeptad mucopeptide and known as peptidoglycan and the second layer is composed of Alticoiak teicoic acid acid, while the cell wall of negative bacteria gram consisting of three layers is a layer Almukubeptad mucopeptide and known as peptidoglycan and layer fatty sugary lipo polysaccharides and fatty layer protein lipo protein.

Cell wall of bacteria positive and negative Gram

• Using the dye:

1. Install bacterial commentator.

2. Add the dye crystals violet Crystal violet for a minute and then washed with water (mild stream).

3. add iodine Iodine Solution for a minute and then washed with water (mild stream).

4. Alcohol add alcohol for 20 seconds and then washed with water (mild stream).

5. Add the Elsafranin Safranin for 30 seconds and then washed with water (mild stream).

6. slide dried and then scanned.

Explain the steps and the dye color to dye the latter with differences

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Places arterial blood withdrawn and venous and capillary

Drawing blood capillary Blood Capillary Extraction:

Blood is drawn by capillary perforating head fingers (Banan) or earlobe in adults and in infants clipped toe or big toe or sole of the foot by a scalpel spear Puncture.

And is withdrawn blood sample capillary clean clouds area and wipe with a cotton drenched by alcohol Aathlee or alcohol isopropanol 70%, then prick the thumb with a scalpel Ramahi quickly and lightness occurs wounded depth 1-2 mm and bent thumb Vindf blood profusely and if the blood did not come out raising the compression bandage and shaking the hand to the bottom and top several times. Then re-connect the compression bandage again and deter thumb Vindf blood, then put absorbent capillary horizontally on emerging from the wound a drop of blood and leaves the blood rushes in sucking up to the required mark and collect drops of blood in a tube test capacity of 15 mm containing a mild tension means Isotonic of sulfate sodium sorbent with washing several times with the solution itself and transferred to a centrifuge to separate it and use centrifuges of the horizontal type devices to prevent broken capillary tubes.

The withdrawal of venous blood Blood Venipuncture Extraction:

Venous blood draws usually from the veins in the arm or attached by a dry needle and sterile ready for use once and preferably a warm arm and the person in a comfortable position and apply compression bandage around the upper arm gently and be between the shoulder and elbow, to be pressed thin and then cleans the skin in place to be and the prick of cloth dampened with medical alcohol and leave to dry a little bit, then emptied the needle from the air to pull tamper and pushed him repeatedly to expel all the air inside the needle, then holding facility with the left hand and placed her thumb on the vein which Syuhz away from the place of acupuncture 2 cm and then stuck the needle by hand Yemen to nurse or laboratory technician between the thumb and three fingers and then the needle inserted into a vein pinch one to be the end of the needle bevel pointing upwards Vindf blood to the needle as a result of the withdrawal of MDC needle and when withdrawn from 5-10 ml of blood which is the required amount usually raises compression bandage and put a piece of sterile cotton alcohol on the place of acupuncture and then withdraw the needle from the vein gently, and then the blood is placed in a test tube extruded to create separated.

Withdrawal of arterial blood Blood Arterial Puncture Extraction:

Rarely asked to withdraw the blood of an artery, except in a few cases, such as requiring blood gas examination or study the difference between the level of glucose in the blood artery and venous blood. As is known, the blood-like artery blood capillary.

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The impact of place on the pooling of blood components

When you drag the sample from different locations, the blood as well as the components are different. In the process of the skin puncture Skin Puncture looks like arterial blood capillary more than venous blood and that it is the laboratory there is no clear differences between the capillary blood and blood artery in each of the pH value PH molecular pressure of oxygen Po2 molecular and pressure of carbon dioxide Pco2 and oxygen saturation, while the molecular pressure of carbon dioxide in the veins will be higher where the pressure from 6 up to 7 ml mercury and at least blood glucose in the veins about 7 mg / 100 ml (0.39 mmol / l) of glucose level in capillary blood as a result of the consumption of tissue him.

The decomposition of the blood Hemolysis:

The breaking of red blood cells by the decomposition of the blood occur within vivo Invivo and Invitro as well as in vitro and this process can be carried out under conditions of several cases, including:

1. osmosis Osmotically

Because the membrane of red pellet allows entry into force of the water, the cell size varies depending on the change in the middle osmotic If you put the pellets in a low solution tension Hypotonic the water will be implemented into the cell and bloom the cell and changing recipes membrane arise by minute channels allow the passage of hemoglobin and other cell contents are scattered in the ocean of liquid cells.

2 - analyzes the blood gets sick in the following cases:

A - anemia or acute blood Hemolytic Anemia poverty as well as in the case of jaundice in newborns Jaundice

B - the sudden increase hemoglobin in the urine Paroxysmal Hemoglobinuria

3 - decomposition of blood resulting from eating certain drugs:

Some drugs cause lysis of red blood cells such as quinine Quinine and Alvenaseaton Phenacetin Nitrites and nitrates and chlorates Chlorates

4 - oily solvents

Such as alcohol, ether, chloroform and some materials such as soap and yellow material and salts saponins Saponin This material melts the fat globule membrane of red or trends change the order of fat molecules in the cell membrane

5 - mechanical methods

Mechanical methods play an important role negative impact on the different samples a private blood samples and these methods milling Grinding, stirring Stirring or severe shaking Shaking as well Repeated freezing and Aeltsiih Thawing

That there are some other factors that lead to blood decomposition in the pipe, such as the change in temperature, pH and exposure to ultraviolet light, and the concentration of serum components concentration of hemoglobin in sickle cell sample is affected by more than 20 mg / 100 ml, as there are two degrees of decomposition of the blood sample mild first Slightly Hemolysis and this effect a few most of the chemical analyzes, and the second type is a severe decomposition of the blood Server Hemolysis, which affects the ease components that are no little concentration inside the red blood cells more than its effect on the components in the plasma (where severe decomposition leads to an increase items in the inside cells relative to the outside of cells and increase its focus such as sodium, potassium and enzyme LDH ... etc.) on the whole, the clear effect can be seen on the ingredients found in the plasma of this, the concentration in plasma increases in decomposing the sample in the following tests enzyme Aloldollaz Aldolase enzyme alkaline phosphatase enzyme LDH enzyme Aizostreet hydrogen, potassium, Almjneziom and phosphate extractor and increasingly well phosphate inorganic in serum as rapidly as organic Aster located inside cells that are decomposed, as well as increasing dynamism enzymatically amino transferase (GOT, GPT) by 2% for every 10 mg / 100 ml resulting from the increase in hemoglobin concentration as well as the enzyme LDH increase by 10% for every 10 mg / 100 ml of hemoglobin, and we can see a sample of blood decaying looking at it with the naked eye.

Remember the blood:

Going always conduct tests as soon as possible and at the Storage kept all the samples after the separation of the serum or plasma refrigerated for the purpose of delay chemical reactions and thus preventing the changing components ratios and temperature appropriate for the conservation of 2-4 Mem, where few changes in this class during several hours than leaving it in the refrigerator and kept for analysis of blood samples and sugar Alberovi after the addition of a preservative.

When samples are stored for a long time to measure enzymes, for example, it must be frozen at a temperature (-20 m) after separation of the serum as soon as possible, preferably the samples are divided into smaller sizes before freezing in order to avoid repetition of melting process and freeze again, leading to a fundamental change in the composition of proteins and enzymes, and when an analysis of the sample left to melt slowly at room temperature and then mixing quietly in order to get a homogeneous sample.

And to collect blood samples Ptba advises the following precautions:

1 - prefer to collect blood samples from patients in the early morning before breakfast, except in special cases.

2. tube examination which it will blood must be dry as the presence of moisture leads to broken blood cells and to make sure that the validity of the tube is finished.

3 - must refer to a type of treatment covered by the patient.

4 - must avoid the use of negative pressure when drawing blood, but leaves the blood flow from a vein into the syringe slowly and when emptied from the syringe to the private conservation empties slowly tube so as to prevent broken blood cells.

5 - You should not exaggerate the use of sealants clot (thrombosis).

6 - after the withdrawal of the sample must accelerate transported to the laboratory where the blood preservation at low temperatures leads to cell lysis and upset the distribution of ions in particular.

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Anticoagulants (clot inhibitors) Anticoagulants

Use of anticoagulants in the case of the use of samples of plasma or total blood as required by the experiment and it must add an anti-coagulant to the tube blood collection case withdrawn immediately and usually closes the wall of a tube of blood collection in anti clotting, and it should be noted that the selection of anticoagulation should be based on the grounds this counter will not affect the chemical analysis and this point is very important. Because the sources of coagulation are chemical compounds of salts of some metals such as sodium, potassium, lithium, so it can not be used anticoagulants sodium and potassium salts when the terms of the analysis set electrolytes Kalsodiom and potassium because it will lead to a greater positive error in the results of the analysis but in such a case can be used anticoagulants for lithium or ammonium.

In the case of the analysis of calcium in the blood can be used sodium oxalate salt because this will remove all its contents Petrsiba sample of calcium in the form of calcium oxalate is not.

As well as anticoagulants to discourage the effectiveness of some enzymes, such as the enzyme phosphatase Acid Acid Phosphatase and phosphatase baseband Alkaline Phosphatase and enzyme dehydrogenase of lactate LDH The salts of potassium fluoride or sodium Vtthbt effectiveness of the enzyme urease, while operating effectiveness of the enzyme amylase, can also anticoagulants discredit the test pathological significance.

These are some of the types of materials coagulase blood:

1 - heparin Heparin:

Is antimatter-clotting, one of the basic components of blood, but there is a concentration is not enough to prevent blood clotting, Witold heparin from the liver cells it is high concentration in the liver and is also present in the pulmonary cells has been possible to disconnect and isolate urgently amorphous liver extract, Lung, and is distinguished from the other being that does not interfere with any test of chemical analysis tests, heparin is a Mecotiin many sulfuric acid Muccoitin Polysulphouric - acid, a multi-sugars and can be obtained commercially at present of sodium salts sodium heparin or potassium salt potassium heparin or lithium salt lithium heparin

Heparin acts as an thrombin Antithrombin where prohibited transfer or convert prothrombin to thrombin Prothrombin Thrombin and so prevents the formation of fibrin Fibrin and Fibrinogen fibrinogen to be clotting process in two stages as follows:

Prothrombin Thrombplastic Activity Factor ► Thrombin

Fibrinogen Thrombin ► Fibrin (blood colt)

And heparin needs to Assistant Cofactor worker to do his job.

Heparin is added 20% units per ml of blood, including that it does not dissolve in the case, therefore, of solution is often used and dried, Alr the walls of the tube to be in direct contact with the blood and the effect the best you can, and still high oil prices and temporary effect of the obstacles used in laboratories .bamadadat when compared to other anticoagulants, it contains sodium heparin at least 110 units / mg is usually used concentration of about 0.2 mg / ml of blood.

2 - potassium oxalate Potassium Oxalates:

This works a counter on the deposition of ions of calcium and thus prevents blood clots and preferably used for easy melting, usually we need 10-20 mg of oxalate a potassium to prevent clot 10 mL of blood and 2 mg per one ml of blood is used this is usually a concentration of 30% converter and titrate to a pH PH = 7.4 by adding potassium hydroxide solution or oxalic acid solution is worth mentioning that 0.1 ml of potassium oxalate solution reddish enough to prevent clotting 10 ml of blood.

3 - Sodium fluoride Sodium Fluoride:

Commonly used as a preservative for glucose estimation in the blood, but it is used as an anti-clotting (weak), and when used as a preservative in addition to the presence of anticoagulant such as potassium oxalate, it would be an effective concentration of about 2 mg / 1 ml of blood and starts its effect by inhibiting system co-enzyme in the Glycolysis process which leads to a lack of focus, and attend pipe container for this to the mix by dissolving 4 g of sodium chloride with 12 g of potassium oxalate in 200 ml of water, one drop placed in each tube per 1 mL of blood and dried tubes to a lesser extent from the 100-meter heat.

As a general rule Viz fluoride it should not be used when collecting samples for enzymatic estimates or when used in the test reagent Reagent (length enzyme), such as a way to estimate the urease Urease urea.

4 - ethylene diamine four-acetic acid (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA:

Preferably use this counter in blood tests aware of Hematology, in particular, where he works to maintain the cellular components from damage and is generally used in a disodium salt or dual-potassium concentration of approximately 1-2 mg / ml of blood and attributed the effectiveness of this Aalmlh as an anti-coagulant to its ability to link with blood calcium and isolated completely from playing its role in the coagulation process.

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The most important types of food circles Media and characteristics

1- Chocolate Agar:

• Enriched Media-rich environment to grow the most bacteria

• containing factors X and V resulting from the explosion of red blood cells RBCs and which they can Heamophilus spp and Neisseriae which is these types of bacteria growth difficult Fastidious growth.

Chocolate Agar

Chocolate Agar

2- Blood Agar:

• Enriched Media-rich environment to grow the most bacteria

• Differential environment differential between the types of bacteria, an analyst for the blood through the complete decomposition of the blood, such as Beta hemolytic Sterpt. Pyogenes and Sterpt. Agalactiae or partial decomposition of the blood, such as Alpha hemolytic like Sterpt. Pneumonia and Sterpt. Viridans or no decomposition of the blood, such as Non hemolytic Sterpt. Faecalis and Sterpt. Bovis.

Blood Agar

3- MacConkey Agar:

• differential environment to differentiate between bacteria fermented lactose Lactose fermenting and that takes a red color such as E.coli and Klebsiella and Enterobacter, and between non-fermented bacteria lactose Non-lactose fermenting and that have no color (transparent), such as Proteus and Salmonella and Shigella.

• contain Crystal violet or Bile Salts to allow for negative bacteria Gram growth and inhibit Gram Positive growth

MacConkey Agar

MacConkey Agar

4- (stine Lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED:

• the center for the cultivation of urinary tract samples.

• differential environment to differentiate between bacteria fermented lactose Lactose fermenting which takes yellow color, such as E.coli, and between non-fermented bacteria lactose Non-lactose fermenting and that have no color (transparent) like Acnitobacter because of the presence detector Bromo-thymol blue.

• have the same function of MacConkey Agar

(stine Lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED

(Stine Lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED

5- (Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD:

• differential optional environment for Salmonella and Shigella as Salmonella take the pink color to the presence of Phenol Red with a black color in the center as a result of the decomposition of materials found in the environment resulting H2S gas and the Shigella take colonies pink color only.

(Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD

6- Salmonella Agar (S.S Agar) Shigella:

• optional environment that does not allow the growth of bacteria, Gram Positive and some negative bacteria, gram, except for Salmonella Shigella & due to the presence of Na-citrate & bile salts

• differential environment for Salmonella and Shigella as Salmonella take the environment color (transparent) with a black color in the center as a result of the decomposition of materials found in the environment resulting H2S gas and the Shigella colonies take center-color (transparent).

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Types of samples taken from the disease

There are number of samples taken from the patient and sent to the laboratory and these samples vary depending on the diagnosis to be disclosed and for the condition of the patient from these samples:

1. Blood Blood:

Blood is drawn from a vein mostly Venous often taken from the median cubital vein area or from the femoral vein or the surface of the palm or foot or scalp for children after taking the blood sample is determined Type:

A complete blood Whole Blood:

It is taken on anticoagulant and that blood tests for all vessels such as cbc and measurement of hemoglobin.

B serum Serum:

And we get the blood after the separation of liquid and floating yellow color process is a serum sample, but not taken objection to clot, and conducted by serological analysis and chemical analysis.

(C) plasma Plasma:

And we get it after the separation process and the liquid supernatant is different from plasma and serum that a blood sample taken on the mind of the clots and is often used to measure the clotting factors such as the PT and PTT.

2. Urine Urine:

Prefer urine sample morning and assembling the same mid urine in a special container Container with attention to the cleanliness of the genitals before urinating, especially when women are under way for Paul several tests, including physical and chemical and microscopic in the Department of parasitology and also being a urine sample examination of Paul's 24 hours in the Department of blood chemistry and cultivation of urine in the Department of microbiology.

3. stool Stool:

A stool sample placed in a special container and taken to the Department of parasitology and to the work of multiple tests and therefore the most important physical and parasites and also works stool bacterial cultivation in the Department of microbiology.

4. Semen Seminal Fluid:

Must obtain sperm in the laboratory and putting it in a clean container with emphasis on abstinence patient sexual intercourse through tripartite days immediately after the sample is taken and urgently dedicated to the work of semen analysis section in order to count sperm and estimate movement and color of the liquid and size, as well as others may be planting the semen sample to detect bacterial in the Department of microbiology.

5. Other samples Other Sample:

Such as cerebrospinal fluid CSF samples as well as samples of sputum Sputum samples and swabs of the members of the body such as the throat swab and wounds and vaginal swabs and other samples as well as anatomical to detect tumors.

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Types of blood tubes Types of the blood tubes

In medical laboratories are used types of blood tubes Types of blood tubes vary the content of the materials found inside, as required species months of analysis are:

1. Red Tube Red Tube:

Completely dry tube does not contain any contraindications clot in order to obtain the serum Serum, which is mostly used in the analysis of blood chemistry and chapels and hormones and some other tests, and currently there is a tube yellow yellow tube does not contain any contraindications clot, but we find inside the bulk material it helps to separate the serum from the blood cells Serum blood cells, prefers not to sample separation only after glaciation blood inside the tube in order not to be a clot inside the tube when the sample chapter.

Red tube Red Tube

Tube Yellow Yellow Tube

2. Green tube Green Tube:

This tube contains a weatherproof material for a clot Lithium Heparin abbreviated name of (LH) and use a little focus for action to prevent clotting function does not affect the chemical reactions, but in the current period is replaced with red or yellow tube.

Green tube Green Tube

3. violet tube Lavender Tube:

It contains material proof of clot called Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetate abbreviated name (EDTA) of EDTA K2 or K3 EDTA type is used in a variety of blood tests, such as blood CBC image and blood groups Blood Group and other analysis.

Tube violet Lavender Tube

4. Blue tube Blue Tube:

Contains a substance citrate sodium Sodium Citrate in order to obtain plasma to measure blood clotting Coagulation Factors factors, the most important and common in hospitals Prothrombin (PT) and it Activated Partial Thromboplastin abbreviated name of (aPTT) must take a sample the patient's blood specific quantity and describes the signal on the tube to denote required to make a blood test level.

Blue tube Blue Tube

5. gray tube Grey Tube:

It contains a substance Fluoride Oxalate or Potassium Oxalate and Sodium Fluoride and to work to measure glucose in the blood because it prevents the decomposition of glucose with the knowledge that it affects the cells so it is not used in the analysis of blood glucose and send a sample to measure blood chemistry department.

Gray Grey Tube tube

6. Black tube Black Tube:

It contains a substance Buffer Sodium Citrate, to be used in the analysis of ESR in the Department of blood picture.

There are forms of covers and how open and sizes and private violet tube urges uses a small tube containing the same substance EDTA for newborn babies

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Blood definition is simple with its components

Blood is a dark viscous liquid fills the blood vessels and rushes to all parts of the body thanks to the contraction of the heart muscle. Functions of blood:

The process of breathing: blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, as well as the generated carbon dioxide from the Activity tissues to the lungs in the exhaled air Nutrition: Preliminary blood carries nutrients absorbed by the intestine to different cells to be used in necessary for the activity of the body energy production.

O operation:

The blood carrying harmful waste remaining as a result of metabolism in the body and through the output devices Kalkly skin Vikhals including the body through urine and sweat.

Functions of blood:

HIV: blood contains white blood cells, which holds the protection as it produces antibodies that play a key role in protecting the body and protect him from disease

The water balance of the body: moving water easily between different body fluids means and means of cells between the cells and helps the blood in maintaining water balance in the body to carry excess water to output devices so that there is a balance between what we get from the water through food and drink and what we lose through urine and sweat

Regulate body temperature: the blood absorbs heat from the muscles and internal organs and as it moves them to the external members and under the skin the body can get rid of excess heat by radiation and pregnancy and evaporation.

Regulate metabolism: blood carries hormones and some important materials necessary to regulate the metabolism in the body. Remember osmotic pressure of the blood and other tissues: thanks proteins plasma This pressure is needed to save the blood volume and composition of tissue fluid, urine, blood installation * blood means red has a volume of about 5-6 liters per adult, which consists of a liquid called plasma which swims three types of cells she :

1. red blood cells.

2. white blood cells.

3. platelets.

If prevent blood from clotting and to leave aside, we find that the cells fall to the bottom of the high density plasma, leaving at the top of the liquid transparent italic yellowing was found that the size of the cells = 45% of the blood,

The size of the plasma is 55% and this is called a hematocrit value

RBCs: the balls in the form of a concave discs biplane her thin wall and have no nucleus, and contains inside the hemoglobin which is a compound of iron, protein and hemoglobin is the one who gives blood its red color and characteristics of this compound is that it is easy Federation oxygen, therefore, called RBCs oxygen carrier and the number of red blood cells in a man about five million cells in a cubic millimeter in the number of women it is about four and a half million cubic millimeter. When saturated with oxygen red color becomes pours so as to be material Alotxohimocalobin This happens when blood comes high pressure oxygen as occurs in the lungs and when Alootxohimocalobin exposed to low pressure of oxygen as occurs in the tissue it loses part of Okseginh becomes blood color tilted to cyanosis and hemoglobin also combine with the carbon dioxide in the tissues and abandon him in the lungs and therefore we find blood in the arteries while the red color is found tilted to the blue of the veins.

Place the formation of red blood cells:

It begins with the formation of red blood cells from the fourth week of pregnancy and until the sixth month than in the spleen and liver, and in the last three months of pregnancy these balls formed in the bone marrow and the little ones in the spleen and liver. In children and adults, red blood cells formed in the red bone marrow in the bone located flatfish Kaazam face, shoulder and skull and ribs, spine and long ends of the bones in the body Kazmh thigh and upper arm.

The fate of the red blood cells:

This lead balls and function for a limited period of time which is about 120 days, and then pick up the balls that Hermt spleen and broken the analyzes come out of a hemoglobin are also analyzing hemoglobin to form bile pigments discarded blood expulsion with yellow sap. And the blood cells that break immediately replaced by new cells in the bone marrow.

The formation of red blood cells factors:

Factors that must be met:

First, so that the formation of red blood cells:

A - must be a bone marrow intact, so if an illness or injury to any damage as it happens in the case of exposure to X-ray atomic Owalahaaat or some toxins, this leads to a decrease in the number of red blood cells.

B - must contain food for iron component that enters in the synthesis of hemoglobin iron found in spinach, beans, apples, meat, egg yolks, if the iron is not available in the food or the body has been unable to take advantage of iron in the food becomes the color of blood lackluster and this is what happens in one species anemia and easily treated by giving the patient drugs containing iron compounds.

C - it must contain food vitamin B-12, known as factor inhibitor for malignant anemia has been found that this vitamin combines with another factor which is intrinsic factor, which is secreted by the stomach and then absorbed from the intestine and stores in the liver to be used by the bone marrow and this vitamin is very important to complete the growth of cells red blood functions of red blood cells

A - by hemoglobin oxygen carrying red blood cells from the lungs to tissues and carrying carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs to get rid of it.

B - maintaining the hemoglobin inside the red blood cells so as not to degrade and turn into bile pigments or excreted in the urine. C - the red blood cells play an important role in regulating blood reaction. White blood cells and white cells differ lack of hemoglobin, but it is characterized by the presence of a nucleus, and in fact, the original color of these cells is transparent, but as a result of the reflection of light, they are showing under the microscope in white.

The number of cells: numbering from 4,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimeter of blood types of white cells in the blood can distinguish five types of white cells under a microscope, and this distinction depends on the shape of the nucleus and its divisions and the dye gained by the cell type.

A - grainy cells include: (Granulo cytes) * Niotrovil Neutrophil cells: represent about 60% of the total number - are gaining red dye * Aizinovil cells: This represents approximately 1-3% of the total number - are gaining blue dye.

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